haproxy+keepalived实现高可用负载均衡(理论篇)

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HAProxy相比LVS的使用要简单很多,功能方面也很丰富。当 前,HAProxy支持两种主要的代理模式:"tcp"也即4层(大多用于邮件服务器、内部协议通信服务器等),和7层(HTTP)。在4层模式 下,HAProxy仅在客户端和服务器之间转发双向流量。7层模式下,HAProxy会分析协议,并且能通过允许、拒绝、交换、增加、修改或者删除请求 (request)或者回应(response)里指定内容来控制协议,这种操作要基于特定规则。

我现在用HAProxy主要在于它有以下优点,这里我总结下:

一、免费开源,稳定性也是非常好,这个可通过我做的一些小项目可以看出来,单Haproxy也跑得不错,稳定性可以与LVS相媲美;
二、根据官方文档,HAProxy可以跑满10Gbps-New benchmark of HAProxy at 10 Gbps using Myricom's 10GbE NICs (Myri-10G PCI-Express),这个作为软件级负载均衡,也是比较惊人的;
三、HAProxy可以作为MySQL、邮件或其它的非web的负载均衡,我们常用于它作为MySQL(读)负载均衡;
四、自带强大的监控服务器状态的页面,实际环境中我们结合Nagios进行邮件或短信报警,这个也是我非常喜欢它的原因之一;
五、HAProxy支持虚拟主机。


在做反向代理服务器的负载均衡时,我们通常会使用nginx的均衡配置。其实,haproxy的负载均衡也是属于这一类的。那么关于这方面的配置过程我们现在来进行一下讲解。首先,对haproxy进行一个简单的介绍,之后就是安装和配置环节了。

HAProxy介绍

反向代理服务器,支持双机热备支持虚拟主机,但其配置简单,拥有非常不错的服务器健康检查功能,当其代理的后端服务器出现故障, HAProxy会自动将该服务器摘除,故障恢复后再自动将该服务器加入"codetitle">复制代码 代码如下:
 tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz  
 cd keepalived-1.1.20
 ./configure --prefix=/
make
make install

修改一下 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 这个配置文件就可以用了,以下是我的环境,192.168.10.141和192.168.10.142是两个VIP,可以在两台服务器之间飘动:

haproxy+keepalived实现高可用负载均衡(理论篇) 

主机的配置:
复制代码 代码如下:
 global_defs {
    notification_email {
      failover@firewall.loc
    }
    notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
    smtp_server 192.168.0.48
    smtp_connect_timeout 10
    router_id nginx
 }

 vrrp_instance VI_141 {
     state BACKUP
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 141
     priority 50
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass 141
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.10.141/26 dev eth0
     }
 }

 vrrp_instance VI_142 {
     state BACKUP
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 142
     priority 100
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass 142
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.10.142/26 dev eth0
     }
 }

备机的配置:
复制代码 代码如下:
 global_defs {
    notification_email {
      failover@firewall.loc
    }
    notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
    smtp_server 10.168.0.48
    smtp_connect_timeout 10
    router_id nginx
 }

 vrrp_instance VI_141 {
     state BACKUP
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 141
     priority 100
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass 141
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.10.141/26 dev eth0
     }
 }

 vrrp_instance VI_142 {
     state BACKUP
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 142
     priority 50
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass 142
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.10.142/26 dev eth0
     }
 }

乍一看,主机和备机的配置文件是一样的,仔细看一下priority的值,使用以下命令即可将keepalived加入linux的服务中:

复制代码 代码如下:chkconfig --add keepalived ;
通过启、停keepalived这个服务即可观察到VIP的飘动,至于为什么VIP飘动后可以很快地生效,还有待研究。

haproxy+keepalived实现高可用负载均衡
我的环境:
haproxy keepalived 主:192.168.1.192
haproxy keepalived 备:192.168.1.193
vip:192.168.1.200
web:192.168.1.187:80 192.168.1.187:8000
haproxy+keepalived实现高可用负载均衡(理论篇)

一:安装过程,在192.168.1.192上:

keepalived的安装:
复制代码 代码如下:
#tar -zxvf keepalived-1.1.17.tar.gz
#ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-128.el5-i686/ /usr/src/linux
#cd keepalived-1.1.17
#./configure --prefix=/ --mandir=/usr/local/share/man/ --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-128.el5-i686/
#make && make install
#cd /etc/keepalived/
#mv keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.default
#vi keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh"
interval 2
weight 2

global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #192.168.1.193上改为BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150 #192.168.1.193上改为120
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}

track_script {
chk_http_port
}

virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.200
}
}
}

#vi /etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C haproxy --no-header |wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.cfg
sleep 3
if [ `ps -C haproxy --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
fi
#chmod 755 /etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh

haproxy的安装(主备都一样):
复制代码 代码如下:
#tar -zxvf haproxy-1.4.9.tar.gz
#cd haproxy-1.4.9
#make TARGET=linux26 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy install
#cd /usr/local/haproxy/
#mkdir conf logs
#cd conf
#vi haproxy.cfg
global
log 127.0.0.1 local3 info
maxconn 4096
user nobody
group nobody
daemon
nbproc 1
pidfile /usr/local/haproxy/logs/haproxy.pid

defaults
maxconn 2000
contimeout 5000
clitimeout 30000
srvtimeout 30000
mode http
log global
log 127.0.0.1 local3 info
stats uri /admin?stats
option forwardfor

frontend http_server
bind :80
log global
default_backend info_cache
acl test hdr_dom(host) -i test.domain.com
use_backend cache_test if test

backend info_cache
#balance roundrobin
balance source
option httpchk HEAD /haproxy.txt HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:192.168.1.187
server inst2 192.168.1.187:80 check inter 5000 fall 3


backend cache_test
balance roundrobin
#balance source
option httpchk HEAD /haproxy.txt HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:test.domain.com
server inst1 192.168.1.187:8000 check inter 5000 fall 3

二:再两台机器上都分别启动:

/etc/init.d/keepalived start (这条命令会自动把haproxy启动)

三:测试:

1.再两台机器上分别执行ip add
主: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:98:cd:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.192/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.200/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:cdc0/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

备: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a6:0c:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.193/24 brd 255.255.255.254 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea6:c7e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.停掉主上的haproxy,3秒后keepalived会自动将其再次启动
3.停掉主的keepalived,备机马上接管服务
备: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a6:0c:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.193/24 brd 255.255.255.254 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.200/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea6:c7e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4.更改hosts
192.168.1.200 test.com
192.168.1.200 test.domain.com
通过IE测试,可以发现
test.com的请求发向了192.168.1.187:80
test.domain.com的请求发向了192.168.1.187:8000

haproxy+keepalived实现高可用负载均衡(理论篇)
haproxy+keepalived实现高可用负载均衡(理论篇)